On February 12, the Center for International Security and Strategy (CISS) at Tsinghua University and the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD) jointly hosted the fourth round of the The Fourth Round of the China-Europe Dialogue on Artificial Intelligence and International Security in Munich, Germany. The dialogue brought together more than 30 scholars from Chinese and European research institutes, universities, and think tanks for in-depth discussions on the application of AI technology in international security, its potential risks, and China-Europe cooperation in the AI field.

Chen Qi, Deputy Director of CISS, and Linda van der Horst, Co-Head of HD’s China Program, delivered the opening remarks and reviewed the outcomes of the previous three rounds of dialogue.

This dialogue was structured into three sessions.The first session, moderated by Laura Lewis, Program Officer for HD’s China Program, focused on the application of AI in modern conflicts. Lu Chuanying, Professor at the School of Political Science and International Relations, Tongji University, and Qi Haotian, Associate Professor and Deputy Director at the Center for International Security and Peace Studies, Peking University, gave keynote presentations. Experts discussed the trends and impact of AI applications in military conflicts. Both sides recognized that AI is widely used in intelligence analysis, cyber warfare, and autonomous weapon systems, reshaping the nature of modern warfare. They emphasized the need for countries to adapt security strategies in response to emerging challenges.

The second session, moderated by Sun Chenghao, Research Fellow at CISS, and Neil Davison, Senior Advisor for the Digital Conflict Team on AI and Emerging Technologies at HD, focused on establishing trust measures. Li Qiang, Associate Professor and Director of the Institute of Military Law at China University of Political Science and Law, and Nehal Bhuta, Professor of International Law at the University of Edinburgh, delivered keynote presentations. Participants explored ways for China and Europe to strengthen cooperation in AI design, deployment, usage, and incident management through the establishment of confidence-building measures (CBMs). Experts also exchanged views on defining common risk boundaries to ensure AI system security.

The third session on "AI Safety" was moderated by Neil Davison. Xue Lan, Professor and Dean of Schwarzman College at Tsinghua University, and Shen Weixing, Professor at Tsinghua University School of Law, delivered keynote presentations. Experts discussed existing AI safety measures and frameworks in China and Europe, the reliability of AI systems in international security, and how China and Europe can collaborate to establish shared safety standards and measures.

The meeting concluded with summary remarks by Chen Qi, Linda van der Horst, and Laura Lewis. Both sides agreed to maintain ongoing dialogue, deepen cooperation, and jointly address international security challenges.