Introduction
As the capabilities of cutting-edge AI models continue to advance by leaps and bounds, AI security concerns have expanded from social governance issues—such as bias, hallucinations, and misinformation—to encompass cybersecurity, the protection of critical infrastructure, and even national security. Recently, Anthropic's Mythos model has drawn significant international attention for its enhanced capabilities in vulnerability discovery, attack chain simulation, and long-term autonomous tasks, highlighting concerns about AI-enhanced cyber capabilities. What technical barriers have these cutting-edge models overcome in terms of their cyber capabilities? How should pre-deployment security testing identify genuinely dangerous capabilities while avoiding the creation of new avenues for abuse? Do open-source models amplify risks, or do they provide the necessary conditions for independent auditing and defensive innovation? Against the backdrop of intensifying AI competition between China and the United States, can the two sides establish limited yet pragmatic cooperation? In this episode of SinoAI Insights, we will take the security controversies sparked by Mythos as a starting point to conduct an in-depth analysis of the risks, defenses, and potential for China-U.S. cooperation regarding cutting-edge AI cyber capabilities.
Host
·XIAO Qian, Deputy Director, Center for International Security and Strategy, Tsinghua University
Guests
·XU Wei, Vice Dean, Professor, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University
·FU Hongyu, Director, AI Governance Center and the Data Economy Center, Alibaba Research Institute
Shownotes
02:26The Mythos Event as A Rehearsal for Future Frontier AI Safety Risks
05:17Future AI Governance Focuses on "Use Control"
09:10From Innovation to Control? How Mythos Reshapes the Landscape of US AI Policy
12:46Chinese Perspectives on Frontier Model Evaluation, Cyber-Capability Thresholds, and AI Agent Risks
14:39The Paradox of Model Safety: Testing May Create Even More Dangerous Models
18:05Full-Lifecycle Governance Frameworks and China's Governance Approach
23:07Using "Isolated Environments" to Ensure Safety and Confidentiality During Testing
25:49Pros and Cons of the US Granting Limited Access to Mythos
27:48Three Games Within the US Pre-Deployment Safety Review System
34:48Risks and Value of Open-Weight Models
46:26Prospects for US-China Coordination on Model Evaluation
Team
Executive Producer：XIAO Qian
Producers：WANG Yexu、LIU Yuan
Podcast Editor：XU Ruijia
Content Assistant：CAI Leyao
Graphics Designer：ZHANG Shuoning
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