国家安全是国家生存发展的基本前提，香港回归以来，维护国家安全的立法长期缺失，“港独”组织和本土激进分离势力在外部势力支持下，严重挑战“一国两制”原则底线，危害国家主权、统一和领土完整。去年以来的极端暴力事件持续不断，令香港陷入极度动荡中，全社会都付出惨痛代价。面对如此严峻的局面，从国家层面果断采取措施，完全合理合法，中央政府对所属地方行政区域的国家安全负有最大和最终责任，也享有和行使一切必要权力，这是基本的国家主权理论和原则，也是世界各国的通例。
1. 黑色暴力分子 black-clad rioters
On Sunday afternoon, a passer-by was besieged by black-clad rioters who smashed her cellphone after the woman took photos of them in the New Town Plaza at Sha Tin.
周日下午，一位女士路过沙田正街新城市广场时将黑色暴力分子的照片拍了下来，随后被黑色暴力分子纠缠，手机被他们打碎。
（英文摘自2019.12.17 China Daily）
Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian told a news conference this week that "double standards" were typical of the U.S.
"Many people may want to ask this question: Why does the U.S. refer to those 'Hong Kong independence' and black-clad rioters as 'heroes' and 'fighters' but label its people protesting against racial discrimination as 'thugs'?" he said.
中国外交部发言人赵立坚在本周的记者会上表示美国的做法是典型的美式双标。他问道：“为什么美方将香港的“港独”和黑色暴力分子美化为英雄，而将美国国内抗议种族歧视的民众称为暴徒？
（英文摘自2020.06.03 NPR）
| 图片来源：China Daily
2. 独立关税区 separate customs territory
Hong Kong is recognized by the WTO as a separate customs territory, a status which is currently enjoyed by only a few regions including Macao, Taiwan and the European Union.
世界贸易组织承认香港是一个独立关税区，目前只有澳门，台湾地区和欧盟等少数地区享有这一地位。
（英文摘自2019.6.19 China Daily）
| 图片来源：thousandwonders
3. 联系汇率制 linked exchange rate system
A linked exchange rate system is a type of exchange rate regime that pegs the exchange rate of one currency to another. It is the exchange rate system implemented in Hong Kong by Honorary Vice-President at the University of Hong Kong, Professor Y.C. Jao, to stabilize the exchange rate between the Hong Kong dollar (HKD) and the United States dollar (USD).
联系汇率制度是一种汇率制度，它将一种货币与另一种货币的汇率固定下来。该种汇率制度由香港大学名誉副院长Y.C. Jao在香港实行，以稳定港元与美元之间的汇率。
（英文摘自维基百科）
| 图片来源：Financial Times
4. 叛国、分裂国家、煽动叛乱、颠覆国家政权等行为 acts of treason, secession, sedition, and subversion against the central government
Article 23 of its constitutional document, the Basic Law, stipulates that the HKSAR shall enact laws on its own to prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition and subversion against the central government. However, the HKSAR has failed to pass such legislation due to various reasons.
尽管香港基本法第23条明文规定，香港特别行政区应自行立法，禁止叛国、分裂国家、煽动叛乱、颠覆国家政权等行为，但因种种原因，香港特区迟迟未能依照23条自行立法。
（英文摘自2020.5.29新华网）
5. 反修例暴力活动 anti-extradition bill protest
The months-long anti-extradition bill protest in Hong Kong had escalated into social unrest, which harmed the national security of China and harbored separatist activities.
香港长达数月的反修例暴力活动已升级为社会动荡，损害了中国国家安全并助长了分裂活动。
（英文摘自2020.05.25 Global Times）
| 图片来源：路透社
6. 国家安全的最大和最终责任the primary and ultimate responsibility for national security
The central government is responsible for upholding national security. This is the same in any country. The central government holds the primary and ultimate responsibility for national security in all sub-national administrative regions. This is the basic theory and principle underpinning national sovereignty and a common practice in countries around the globe.
维护国家安全在任何国家都是中央事权。中央政府对所属地方行政区域的国家安全负有最大和最终责任，这是基本的国家主权理论和原则，也是世界各国的通例。
（英文摘自王毅2020年两会记者会讲话）
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