中国论坛《参考观点》(第47期) | 中非友谊开启新篇章

2024-09-30
导语
2024年9月4日至6日,中非合作论坛北京峰会成功召开。本届论坛峰会以“携手推进现代化,共筑高水平中非命运共同体”为主题,非洲53国领导人、国际组织代表、企业家、学者等上千人参与其中。此次峰会回顾总结了中非友好合作经验,就加强中非全方位合作达成明确政治共识;与此同时,中非加强合作的影响远远超出中非范畴,中非携手构建高水平命运共同体,共筑现代化之梦,对“全球南方”推进现代化具有重要引领作用。


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(图片来源:搜狐网

一、中非合作成绩斐然,稳中向好。中非积极推进“一带一路”倡议,在对外贸易、基础设施投资和农业合作领域都取得了长足进展。

1.2023年,中非贸易额达到2821亿美元,同比增长1.5%。中国已连续15年保持非洲第一大贸易伙伴地位。

The volume of China-Africa trade has hit new highs. According to the Ministry of Commerce on Wednesday, China has remained Africa's largest trading partner for fifteen consecutive years. In 2023, trade between the two reached a historic high of 282 billion US dollars, meaning year-on-year growth of 1.5 percent.


(February 1, 2024, “China-Africa Ties: China-Africa trade volume reaches historic high of US$282.1 bln”, CGTN)


China has been Africa’s largest bilateral trading partner since 2009, with Africa-China trade reaching $282 billion in 2023. Furthermore, Africa is a crucial partner in China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), with Chinese investments in BRI-related infrastructure exceeding $120 billion over the past decade.

(September 12, 2024, “China-Africa Summit 2024: The Octopus’ Embrace”, The Diplomat)

2.中国企业已在非洲各国累计参与新建和改造铁路超1万公里、公路近10万公里、桥梁近千座、港口近百个,签订承包工程合同额超过7000亿美元,惠及超9亿非洲人民。

In recent years, more and more infrastructure projects in Africa undertaken by China have yielded tangible benefits, often exceeding the traditional transport domain. Since the establishment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in 2000, according to the "China and Africa in the New Era: A Partnership of Equals" white paper, Chinese companies have helped African countries build or upgrade more than 10,000 km of railways, nearly 100,000 km of highways, roughly 1,000 bridges, almost 100 ports, 66,000 km of power transmission and distribution, an installed power-generating capacity of 120 million kW, a communications backbone network of 150,000 km, and a network service covering nearly 700 million user terminals.


(June 29, 2024, "Guest Opinion: China-Africa infrastructure cooperation: Building the groundwork for a better future", Xinhua)


China's support extends beyond infrastructure and trade. By June this year, China had provided aid to 53 African countries, implementing a range of livelihood projects in areas such as food security, water supply, maternal and child health, and education, benefiting over 10 million people. 


(August 29, 2024, “Key milestones of China-Africa cooperation under BRI”, CGTN)


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(图片来源:新华社

二、西方政客鼓吹的“债务陷阱论”“投资援助减少论”是伪命题,阻碍中非友好合作。中国坚持不干预内政原则,不附加政治条件;同时强调发展新质生产力,建设“小而美”项目。在经济领域合作外,中非在人文交流领域合作硕果累累。中非加强文明交流互鉴,构建全球文明倡议对话伙伴,为携手推进现代化汇聚起文明力量。

1.中非合作不干涉内政,不附带政治条件,目的是建设互利共赢的双边伙伴关系。

Chinese modernization has given Africa and the world "another option" that is different from the West and puts more emphasis on finding a path more suited to a country's own conditions, experts said, with some believing that China's case in this regard is more useful as a reference, given the similar historical backgrounds, similar starting points, and the common task of rapid transformation faced by "latecomers." This makes cooperation in governance capabilities between China and Africa particularly crucial, observers noted.


Madakufamba said that "the most important thing is China has walked through a similar path. China is experienced, it has gone through and made some mistakes along the way…The cooperation between China and Africa is a win-win partnership, emphasizing the importance of understanding each other's context, circumstances, and development priorities."


(September 5, 2024, “China, Africa to stay at forefront in pursuing modernization”, Global Times)


2.中国承诺未来3年提供510亿美元资金支持,支持非洲基建和创造就业机会;同时强调发展新质生产力,让“小而美”项目惠及中非亿万百姓。

Chinese President Xi Jinping said Thursday that China will provide 360 billion yuan (more than $50 billion) in financial support to Africa over the next three years. Xi spoke on the second day of the ninth Forum on China-Africa Cooperation Summit, which is expected to deliver new policies and cooperation agreements that will set the stage for China-Africa relations in the next three years.


On top of the 360 billion yuan in financial support, Xi mentioned that China will “encourage and support” Africa in issuing panda bonds in China. The pledged financial assistance will break down into 210 billion yuan in credit facilities, 80 billion in various types of assistance and 70 billion yuan worth of investments in Africa by Chinese firms.


(September 5, 2024, “China’s Xi pledges over $50 billion in financial aid to Africa to deepen ties”, CNBC)


In recent years, Chinese-funded "small and beautiful" livelihood projects in Africa have captured the spotlight alongside flagship megaprojects under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). From nurturing agricultural innovation to boosting digital technology and green energy, these efforts have reaped tangible economic and social benefits, accelerating Africa's modernization.


(September 7, 2024, “'Small and beautiful' projects under BRI weave tapestry of China-Africa shared prosperity amid elevated ties”, Global Times)


3.人文交流是新时代中非合作的重要内容。通过深化在职业教育、青年、科教、文旅、媒体等领域友好交流,促进中非文明交流互鉴,携手推进合作共赢、和合共生、文明共兴的历史伟业

China-Africa educational institutions are also maintaining strong collaboration. Sixty-one Confucius Institutes and forty-eight programs have been established in forty-eight African countries as of 2021. Additionally, China has supported over thirty African universities to set up departments or programs to study Chinese language. 


Media and cultural exchanges between African countries and China have increased since the start of the pandemic, largely due to the use of digital technologies. Chinese and African entertainment industries have been deepening their collaboration as well, with the joint production and broadcasting of movies and television series.


(May 30, 2024, “How Is China’s Economic Transition Affecting Its Relations With Africa?”, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace)

(图片来源:CGTN


三、中非伙伴关系是南南合作的主要支柱。中非携手推进现代化十大伙伴行动,有助于凝聚“全球南方”国家的力量,共同推进平等有序的世界格局。

On a global level, Africans view China as an alternative rising power that can offer a way out of Western-led liberal order institutions (which are viewed as extractive and unjust), and a potential means of levelling the playing field against US hegemony.

(June 12, 2024, “Exploring the Role of Narratives in China-Africa Relations”, Africa Policy Research Institute)

The 10 partnership actions proposed by China focus on cooperation in areas of economic development, investment and trade, education, culture and social issues, people's well-being, food security as well as energy security, Zambian President Hakainde Hichilema said.

On modernization of the Global South, Hichilema said the Global South was generally viewed for years as lagging behind in development, and the traditional approach to driving the development of the Global South was to depend on the Global North. "The situation has changed," Hichilema said. "It (the Global South) can do more within itself."

(September 18, 2024, “Interview: China-proposed partnership actions chart path for China-Africa cooperation -- Zambian president”, Xinhua)

South-South cooperation is essential to build capacities and drive progress on shared development goals – while in no way reducing the responsibilities of the Global North. China’s partnership with the African continent is the main pillar of South-South cooperation. Your joint efforts, based on the United Nations Charter, can create a new momentum for African development.

China is already Africa’s longstanding and largest trading partner. And we know that in Africa, as elsewhere, investments are game-changing when they respect national ownership and are financially sustainable, climate-sensitive, and consistent with human rights.

(September 5, 2024, “'Secretary-General's remarks to Forum on China-Africa Cooperation Summit”, United Nations)

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(图片来源:CGTN

编辑:李子健

审核:中国论坛


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