一、十年飞跃之中国经济发展
1. 党的十八大以来十年间，中国经济实力跃上新台阶。经济总量由2012年的53.9万亿元上升到2021年的114.4万亿元，占世界经济比重从11.3%上升到超过18%，人均国内生产总值从6300美元上升到超过1.2万美元。2021年中国创新指数升至世界第12位，在一些重要领域实现了历史性跨越。
China's total economic output had risen from 53.9 trillion yuan in 2012 to 114.4 trillion yuan in 2021, and its share of the world economy had risen from 11.3% to over 18%. The country’s GDP per capita has also risen from US$6300 to more than US$12,000. The building of an innovative nation has achieved fruitful results, with China's innovation index rising to 12th in the world in 2021 and achieving historic leaps in a number of key areas.
(July 20, 2022, Xinhua News Agency, China in this decade: economic output rises from 53.9 trillion yuan in 2012 to 114.4 trillion yuan in 2021)
2. 在过去十年中，中国农村有近1亿人摆脱了绝对贫困。2012年按国家贫困标准计算的农村贫困人口9899万人到2020年底已全部实现了脱贫。832个贫困县全部摘帽，12.8万个贫困村全部出列，中国提前10年实现《联合国2030年可持续发展议程》减贫目标，创造了脱贫治理的中国样本，为全球减贫事业做出了历史性贡献。
China eradicated absolute poverty at the end of 2020－a feat unprecedented in human history. That means China has lifted as many as 770 million rural people out of poverty since reform and opening-up, a number that is more than the entire population of Europe, in four decades.
Some people were skeptical of the goal, saying it is difficult to lift 99 million people－more than the entire population of the United Kingdom or France－out of extreme poverty, not least because it was very difficult to access the areas where they lived. But the Communist Party of China, which survived the Long March, refused to give up or extend the deadline. The central and local governments poured huge amounts of money to launch, and improve, new rural cooperative medical care systems to provide basic medical care for more than 800 million farmers. In the past decade, more than 10 million poor farmers have been resettled with the government providing them with new houses, new farmlands and/or finding them jobs in the new locations.
China achieved victory in the largest-scale battle against extreme poverty worldwide, as shown by the facts that 98.99 million rural residents, 832 impoverished counties and 128,000 poor villages had all been lifted out of absolute poverty, creating a miracle in human history.
(July 19, 2022, China Daily, Poverty eradication shows miracles can be achieved within a decade)
（图片来源：Xinhua News Agency）
3. 十年间，中国的高水平开放迅速发展，贸易和投资迅猛增长。中国2013年成为世界第一大贸易国，目前是120多个国家和地区的最大贸易伙伴，为推进世界贸易、经济全球化和多边主义做出巨大贡献。2022年前七个月，中国的国际贸易达到23.6万亿元人民币（约3.5万亿美元）。
The past 10 years since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) have witnessed rapid development in China's high-level opening-up, tremendous growth in trade and investment, and an increasing contribution to globalization. High-standard opening-up is a key element of President Xi Jinping's economic thought and an integral part of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era – Xi's people-centered development vision based on China's national condition and development.
China became the world's largest trading power in 2013; by 2021, it was the largest trading partner for over 120 countries and regions. During the first seven months of this year, China's international trade hit 23.6 trillion yuan (around $3.5 trillion), up 10.4 percent over a year ago. China has also become a magnet for cross-border direct investment. China made important contributions to the success of the 12th World Trade Organization ministerial conference in June, a symbol of the triumph of multilateralism. Nearly all continents have had phenomenal trade increase with China during the first seven months of 2022. China's Global Development Initiative, which calls for inclusive, win-win cooperation for all nations, is benefiting developing countries.
(August 22, 2022, CGTN, China's commitment to opening-up a ray of hope in a bleak global economy)
4. 中国积极推进对外开放，取得了一系列重大成就。2012年，中国的货物+服务贸易总额是4.4万亿美元，在全球是第二位。到2021年，货物+服务贸易总额增长到6.9万亿美元，连续两年全球第一。通过贸易和投资、体制开放、自由贸易区和港口、自贸区促进战略和全球经济治理等方面取得的成就，中国对外开放的质量和能力大幅提升。
Achievements of opening-up in trade and investment
China's total trade in goods and services grew from $4.4 trillion in 2012, second in the world, to $6.9 trillion in 2021, ranking first in the world for two consecutive years. The country's two-way investment also ranks among the top in the world, attracting 1.15 trillion yuan ($170 billion) of foreign capital last year, an increase of 62.9 percent over 2012.Since 2017, China has ranked second in the world in attracting foreign investment for four consecutive years, with the foreign investment flow ranking among world's top three. Belt and Road economic and trade cooperation has also been promoted.
Institutional opening-up
China launched the first negative list of foreign investment access in the Pilot Free Trade Zones with 190 restrictive measures in 2013. Now the restrictive measures have been cut to just 27 items. The management model of the negative list for foreign investment was promoted nationwide in 2016 and the restrictive measures were reduced from the original 93 items to the current 31.With the implementation of the Foreign Investment Law in 2020, a new foreign investment management system was launched. The first negative list for cross-border trade in services was launched in South China's Hainan province in 2021, bringing China's institutional opening-up to a new level.
Free trade zones and ports
A total of 21 pilot free trade zones have been established since the first was established in Shanghai in 2013, with 278 institutional innovations replicated and promoted nationwide. The construction of Hainan Free Trade Port was launched in 2018 and more than 120 institutional innovation achievements have been launched so far.
FTZs promotion strategies
The number of free trade agreements China has signed with its trade partners has increased from 10 to 19 in the past 10 years, and the proportion of China's trade volume with free trade partners to its total trade amount increased from 17 percent to 35 percent last year. RCEP officially came into effect this year, launching the world's largest free trade zone with the largest population and largest economic and trade scale. China is also actively promoting its accession to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement.
Global economic governance
China promoted reaching an agreement for the Beijing Roadmap for APEC's Contribution to the Realization of the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific by 21 members in 2014. This drew a blueprint for the establishment of a high-level free trade area in the Asia-Pacific region. China also promoted the establishment of the G20 Guiding Principles for Global Investment Policymaking at the 2016 G20 Hangzhou Summit, which laid the foundation for the WTO's investment facilitation initiative in 2017.China has also actively participated in the reform of the WTO and firmly safeguarded the multilateral trading system.
(May 16, 2022, China Daily, China's achievements in opening-up over past 10 years)
二、十年飞跃之中国科技发展
1. 中国工业和信息化事业发展取得了重大成就，迎来从“制造大国”“网络大国”向“制造强国”“网络强国”的历史性跨越。从2012年到2021年，中国工业增加值从20.9万亿元增长到37.3万亿元，年均增长6.3%；制造业增加值从16.98万亿元增加到31.4万亿元，占全球比重从20%左右提高到近30%。十年间，中国制造业综合实力和国际影响力大幅提升，产业结构进一步优化、创新驱动提质升级、信息通信不断迭代跨越。
China has consolidated a number of achievements in industrial and information technology over the past ten years, setting a solid foundation for a historical transition to becoming a "major manufacturing power" and a "major cyber power".
From 2012 to 2021, China's value-added industrial output grew from 20.9 trillion yuan ($3.1 trillion) to 37.3 trillion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 6.3 percent, much higher than the 2 percent of the annual growth of global industrial added value during the previous period. Manufacturing value-added output increased from 16.98 trillion yuan to 31.4 trillion yuan, accounting for nearly 30 percent of total global output.
The country now boasts a complete industrial system, with 41 major industrial categories, 207 medium industrial categories and 666 small industrial categories. The resilience and competitiveness of China's industrial and supply chains continue to improve, effectively enhancing the ability of the national economy to cope with external shocks.
Over the past ten years, China has seen accelerated development of emerging industries, including service robots, intelligent wearable equipment and other products. The production and sales of new energy vehicles have ranked first in the world for seven consecutive years, and the output value of new materials industry doubled. The proportion of high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing to industrial value-added rose from 9.4 percent and 28 percent in 2012 to 15.1 percent and 32.4 percent in 2021, respectively.
China has built the world's largest and technologically advanced network infrastructure, with 5G cell phone users reaching 413 million over the past ten years. 5G, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies have been deeply integrated with the manufacturing industry. Over the past decade, a number of super projects have emerged in China, such as the “Fuxing” high-speed trains, the Baihetan hydroelectric power station and the C919 large aircraft, which is an important symbol of a country's comprehensive strength and technological progress.
(Jun 14, 2022, Global Times, China becomes major manufacturing and cyber power after decade of achievements: MIIT)
（图片来源：Global Times）
2. 中国的整体互联网发展水平快步提升，目前已跃居世界第二。中国目前拥有世界上最大的互联网基础设施，拥有超过185万个5G基站，移动超过4.55亿5G用户；中国的数字经济也已经连续几年位居世界第二，从2012年的11万亿元（约合1.6万亿美元）增加到2021年的45.5万亿元。
World's largest internet infrastructure
China has built the world's largest 5G network, with over 1.85 million 5G base stations and more than 455 million mobile 5G users. The country has also built the world's largest optical fiber broadband network, providing internet access to every village across the country. China has also made significant progress in the large-scale deployment of IPv6, with the world's second largest number of IPv6 addresses. From 2012 to 2021, the number of internet users in the country increased from 564 million to 1.032 billion, the largest in the world. Still, the internet penetration rate rose from 42.1 percent to 73 percent.
Robust digital economy
China's digital economy has ranked second in the world for several years in a row, increasing from 11 trillion yuan ($1.6 trillion) in 2012 to 45.5 trillion yuan in 2021. Its proportion in the country's GDP improved from 21.6 percent to 39.8 percent over the same period. The country's e-commerce transaction volume and mobile payment transaction volume both ranked first in the world. In 2021, the online retail sales of physical goods in China jumped by 12 percent year on year, reaching 10 trillion yuan for the first time, according to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. A total of 151.23 billion mobile payment transactions were made, up 22.73 percent from the previous year. The digital transformation in various sectors has accelerated, providing strong support for the improvement of the quality and efficiency of the real economy.
Breakthroughs in core technologies
China has maintained its advantages in high-performance computing technologies, taken a leading position in 5G technologies and applications, and completed the construction of its BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. The country's research and development capabilities of chips have improved steadily, and the performance of domestic operating systems has improved significantly. China also made progress in technologies such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and blockchain. In 2021, the country filed over 30,000 PCT applications in the information technology sector, which accounted for more than one third of the world's total.
Benefits to people
China has been using the information technologies and the internet to bring benefits and convenience to the people. For example, the country has built the world's largest online education platform, as well as a national medical insurance information platform. Over 90 percent of the counties and districts in the country have access to remote medical services. The internet has also played an important role in China's poverty alleviation efforts.
International cooperation
China has held the World Internet Conference (WIC) for eight consecutive years to promote international cooperation, established the international organization of the WIC, put forward the concept and launched the initiative of building a community with a shared future in cyberspace.
(August 19, 2022, CGTN, China in past decade: Five major achievements of its internet development)
（图片来源：CGTN）
3. 最近这十年，是中国科技进步最大、科技实力提高最快的十年，中国科技事业成功跨入创新型国家的行列，全面融入全球创新网络。十年来，中国目前每年用于研究和开发（R&D）的支出是2012年的2.7倍，其中基础研究的支出是当年的3.4倍。中国在全球创新指数中的排名上升10倍，现在比过去十年高出22个位置，中国是世界上唯一取得这一成就的国家。
The China's current annual spending on research and development (R&D) is 2.7 times that of 2012, with the spending on basic research being 3.4 times that of the same year. China's rank in the Global Innovation Index rose 10 times and is now 22 positions higher than in the past decade, and China is the only nation to achieve such a feat. In the past decade, China has made progress in utilizing the power of enterprises for sci-tech development. About three-quarters of the total R&D spending came from enterprises, and enterprises participated in 79 percent of national key research projects. The market for technology trade in China expanded 5.8 times between 2012 and 2021. The market size in 2021 was 3.7 trillion yuan (about $550 billion), which is more than the country's total R&D spending.
(May 13, 2022, CGTN, China achieved unprecedented sci-tech advancement in past decade: official)
编辑：蒋绍澄 审核：国佳 张立荣
