近日，美国纠集30个国家召开了线上会议，共同讨论如何应对网络安全威胁。美方这次会议的矛头直指中国与俄罗斯，称中国对美网络构成霸权威胁。美国、英国以及欧盟、北约等西方国家和组织陆续发布声明指责中国。对于西方国家的指责，中方多次表明了立场：中国是网络安全的坚定维护者，也是黑客攻击的受害国，我们历来坚决反对并依法打击一切形式的网络黑客攻击行为。
一、 美国才是最大的网络安全威胁。事实一再证明，美国逼迫企业开设“后门”违规获取用户数据。
The NSA has pursued many means for getting inside equipment, sometimes striking commercial deals to induce companies to insert back doors, and in other cases manipulating standards - namely by setting processes so that companies unknowingly adopt software that NSA experts can break, according to reports from Reuters and other media outlets.The tactics drew widespread attention starting in 2013, when Snowden leaked documents referencing these practices.Tech companies that were later exposed for having cut deals that allowed backdoor access, including security pioneer RSA, lost credibility and customers. Other U.S. firms lost business overseas as customers grew wary of the NSA’s reach.“There were all sorts of ‘lessons learned’ processes,” said former White House cybersecurity coordinator Michael Daniel, who was advising then-president Barack Obama when the Snowden files erupted. A special commission appointed by Obama said the government should never “subvert” or “weaken” tech products or compromise standards.（October 28, 2020, Reuters, Spy agency ducks questions about 'back doors' in tech products）Just before Biden's Europe trip in June, it was revealed that the United States had spied on politicians of its European allies, which came as yet another US surveillance scandal after the PRISM Project in 2013. It once again showed the United States has been conducting large-scale cyber surveillance and attacks globally for a long time, and that it, a real empire of hackers, has become the biggest threat to global cybersecurity.The COVID-19 pandemic is like a magical mirror that has exposed the ugliness of the "America First" policy. The United States has been engaged in unilateralism since the onset of the pandemic: It seized anti-pandemic supplies destined for other countries, issued embargoes on its medical supplies, and bought up production capacity of the drugs that may be used to treat the disease.（September16，2021,Big News Network, US, biggest saboteur of post-WWII global peace）二、 在没有任何证据的情况下，指责中国进行所谓的网络攻击，实际上是将网络安全问题政治化，是为某些国家对中国的舆论战和信息战服务。美国一贯无端指责中国对网络安全产生威胁的案例屡见不鲜。In July, the Biden administration formally blamed China for a massive hack of Microsoft Exchange email server software and asserted that criminal hackers associated with the Chinese government have carried out ransomware attacks and other illicit cyber operations."The amount of Chinese cyber actors dwarfs the rest of the globe, combined," Rob Joyce, the director of cybersecurity at the National Security Agency, said at a recent conference. "The elite in that group really are elite. It's a law of large numbers."Both Russia and China have denied any wrongdoing.Democrats — at 79% — are somewhat more likely than Republicans — at 70% — to say the Russian government is a big threat. Former President Donald Trump, a Republican, has routinely downplayed Russian aggression. In his first comments after the SolarWinds hack was discovered in December, Trump contradicted his secretary of state and other top officials and suggested without evidence that China was behind the campaign.（October 11, 2021, Associated Press, Cyberattacks concerning to most in US: Pearson/AP-NORC poll）Cyber security has become a new weapon by the US and its allies against China and Russia in the information war, Chinese observers said, reminding China to take precautionary measures to prevent cyber threats.On Monday, a group of US lawmakers proposed legislation that would allow Americans to hold foreign governments and their employees accountable in court for malicious cyber activity, amid rising accusations launched against Russia and China.The US playing the cyber-attack card is moving the ideological struggle to cyber security, and seeking to monopolize the world by suppressing any challengers with a variety of reasons, Wang Yiwei, director of the institute of international affairs at Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.Wang noted Russia and China have broken US hegemony in the cyber world with advanced technological developments. China, seeing a rapid development in technologies like 5G, blockchain technology and digital currency when the internet is experiencing a major intergenerational development, is seen by the US as a potential "threat" in not only cyber space but also in finance. Experts believe that the accusations over the so-called cyber-attacks from China, without any evidence, are actually politicizing the cyber security issue, which is to serve some country's public opinion war and information war against China.(Mar 09, 2021, Global Times, Cyber security becomes new US weapon against China, Russia: expert)三、 网络安全已经成为美国对华的武器。中国先进的技术发展打破了美国在网络世界的霸权地位，因此美国将意识形态斗争转向网络安全，压制对手谋求垄断。美国应提升自身能力而非对对手进行攻击。A senior cybersecurity official at the Pentagon said he quit because he thought it was impossible for the US to compete with China on AI.Nicolas Chaillan joined the U.S. Air Force as its first chief software officer in August 2018. He worked to equip it and the Pentagon with the most secure and advanced software available.But Chaillan quit on September 2. In his departing LinkedIn post, he cited the Pentagon's reluctance to make cybersecurity and AI a priority as a reason for his resignation.（October 12，2021，Military.com, Pentagon Official Says He Resigned Because US Cybersecurity Is No Match for ChinaUrgent Action Needs to Be Taken – America Is Falling Behind in Its Cybersecurity.According to some U.S. experts, America is falling woefully behind in this new front of offensive and defensive cyber operations. In a recent poll, only 9% of Millennials said they are interested in pursuing a cybersecurity career. The numbers are even worse for Gen Z.Most surprisingly, these jobs have pay scales that are beyond competitive. On the surface, these salaries should make cybersecurity not only essential but also extremely attractive to younger, tech-savvy generations.（October 13, 2021，American Military University Edge，Understanding Our Greatest Cyberthreats: An Expert Interview）四、 中国是网络安全的坚定捍卫者，同时也是黑客攻击的主要受害者。据中国国家计算机网络应急技术处理协调中心年度报告显示，中国大陆大量主机受到海外服务器控制。这些服务器所在的国家前三名均为北约成员国。Over the years, China has been a major victim of cyber-attacks. According to the annual report by the National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team/Coordination Center of China (CNCERT/CC), in 2020 about 5.31 million hosts on the Chinese mainland were controlled by a total of about 52,000 overseas servers. This has severely harmed China's national security, economic and social development and people's lives, the Mission noted. The top three origins of overseas servers in terms of the number of compromised Chinese hosts are all from NATO member states. The Mission called on related countries to take immediate actions to investigate and stop malicious cyber activities. (Jul 20, 2021, Global Times, Politicization and stigmatization won’t solve cyber security concerns: Chinese Mission to the EU and embassies)五、 美国此次线上峰会没有邀请中国与俄罗斯参会。中国主张各国应在网络安全问题上相向而行，在相互尊重、平等互利的基础上，加强对话合作，共同应对网络威胁，真正让数字技术给人民带来福祉。Ransomware attacks, where hackers lock victims out of their computer networks and demand extortion payments to release them, are one in a series of cyberattacks from nonstate actors and hacking groups affiliated with Washington’s geopolitical rivals in Russia and China that the U.S. government is scrambling to defend against. Among the countries attending the virtual summit are Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Ukraine, Israel, the United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Nigeria, Japan, and South Korea. Neither Russia nor China were invited.The “list of countries highlights just how pernicious and transnational and global the ransomware threat has been in the different countries from all different parts of the world who will be participating,” a senior administration official said.（October 13, 2021, Foreign Policy, After Spike in Ransomware Attacks, U.S. Looks to Go on the Offensive）The U.S.-China relationship is among the most important in the world. Both sides draw great benefit from the smooth functioning of the Internet. But the issue of cybersecurity threatens to become a major source of friction. The danger is that the technology that so connects the world will instead drive these two nations apart.Given what is playing out, it is especially important that Washington and Beijing begin to build the bases for greater mutual understanding, cooperation, and development of common norms in how they deal with the many issues emerging in cybersecurity. Such bilateral efforts certainly should not stand in the way of various multilateral initiatives. along similar lines, but focused bilateral dialogue is of great potential value.（Lieberthal, K., & Singer, P. W. (2012). Cybersecurity and US-China relations. Brookings.）核稿：武一琪、张立荣
责编：许馨匀
