导语3月5日至13日，我国召开“两会”。今年两会热词频出，如中国式现代化、全过程人民民主、稳中求进、创新驱动、高质量发展、完善金融监管、优化营商环境、反“独”促统、维护世界和平与秩序、推动互利合作等。外国借助“两会”了解中国发展，感知中国政治、经济、外交等方面的政策走向。读懂“中国两会”，就是读懂“中国故事”。本期《参考观点》是“两会声音”系列主题上篇，聚焦今年两会代表们热议的政治、经济话题，供参考。 一、中国式现代化是全体人民共同富裕的现代化，让人民不仅物质上富足，而且精神上富有，服务少数国家、少数人，不是现代化；富者越富、穷者越穷不是现代化；精神空虚、失德失序也不是现代化；各国人民都有平等发展、追求幸福的权利。中国新的征程，也为世界带来新启迪、新机遇。 Achieving the modernization of a country of more than 1.4 billion people will be an unprecedented feat in human history, one of profound global significance in itself, Foreign Minister Qin Gang said on Tuesday. “It busts the myth that modernization is westernization. It creates a new form of human advancement, and it provides an important source of inspiration for the world, especially developing countries.” China's success proves that every country has the right and ability to choose its own path and to hold its future firmly in its own hands, he said. Chinese modernization has provided important inspirations for other countries by putting the people first and as the modernization of common prosperity for all, the foreign minister said. Moreover, Chinese modernization is not pursued through war, colonization or plundering. It is dedicated to peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit, and committed to harmony between humanity and nature, providing a new path different from western modernization, Qin said. He also pointed out the importance of openness and inclusiveness of modernization. It is important to encourage exchange and mutual learning, so that all countries will flourish and prosper together, he added. China's success also proves that only by striving in unity can we pool strength, he said, adding that partisan rift, empty talk and frequent policy flip-flop as seen in certain countries will only make even the best blueprint an illusion and a castle in the air. (March 7, 2023. “Chinese FM: Chinese modernization creates 'new form of human advancement'” CGTN) 图片来源：Global Times 二、全过程人民民主把选举民主与协商民主结合起来，把民主选举、民主协商、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督贯通起来，使国家政治生活和社会生活的各个环节都能听到人民的声音、反映人民的愿望，“是最广泛、最真实、最管用的民主”。 Some deputies to the 14th National People's Congress have refuted “rubber stamp” claims made by some Western media and observers about the main annual political gathering, saying Chinese democracy is high quality democracy that leads to concrete results, making people's lives better and the country stronger. The whole-process people's democracy is not just a narrowly-defined democracy with periodic voting rights, but a combination of electoral and consultative democracy including elections, consultations, decision-making and oversight, which covers economic, political, cultural, social and ecological sectors, they noted. Official data also showed that in 2022, offices and departments under China's State Council handled 8,721 suggestions from NPC deputies and 5,865 proposals submitted by the CPPCC National Committee members, accounting for 94.8 percent and 95 percent of the total respectively. Around 4,100 motions and proposals were adopted, which were turned into 2,100 policies and measures. (March 9, 2023. “Chinese whole-process people’s democracy fully underscored at two sessions” Global Times) 三、高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。政府工作报告指出，着力扩大国内需求，把恢复和扩大消费摆在优先位置。加快建设现代化产业体系。围绕制造业重点产业链，集中优质资源合力推进关键核心技术攻关。加快传统产业和中小企业数字化转型，着力提升高端化、智能化、绿色化水平。加快前沿技术研发和应用推广。完善现代物流体系。大力发展数字经济，提升常态化监管水平，支持平台经济发展。在今年两会上，中国再次承诺更大力度吸引和利用外资，扩大市场准入，加大现代服务业领域开放力度。落实好外资企业国民待遇。积极推动加入全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定（CPTPP）等高标准经贸协议,稳步扩大制度型开放。 High-quality development once again came into the spotlight as its significance to China, was reiterated in a government work report at the ongoing “two sessions”. Efforts will include upgrading consumption quality, optimizing the investment structure, and promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas to release demand potential, it said. The government work report also called for accelerating the modernization of China's industrial system with a focus on key industrial chains in the manufacturing sector, so as to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields. Over the past five years, China has doubled its spending on basic research, and the contribution of scientific and technological progress to its economic growth exceeded 60 percent. At the “two sessions,” China renewed its pledge to intensify efforts to attract and utilize foreign investment, vowing to expand market access and ensure national treatment for foreign-funded companies. The country will take active steps to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and other high-standard economic and trade agreements, and steadily expand institutional opening up, according to the government work report. (March 8, 2023. “Economic Watch: China's 2023 economic work priorities to facilitate high-quality development” Xinhua) 图片来源：Xinhua News 四、今年两会期间，中国领导人强调，必须加快实施创新驱动发展战略，加快实现高水平科技自立自强,是推动高质量发展的必由之路。近十年是我国科技创新能力提升最快的十年。我国全球创新指数排名从2012年的第34位上升至2022年的第11位，成功进入创新型国家行列。我国将继续扩大开放合作，积极打造有利于国际科技交流合作的创新生态。 During the ongoing “two sessions,” Chinese President Xi Jinping emphasized the imperative to accelerate the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, saying that speeding up efforts to achieve greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology is the path China must take to advance high-quality development. Over 10 years into the nation's innovation-driven development strategy, China saw its ranking in the Global Innovation Index jump from 34th in 2012 to 11th last year. When reinforcing its strength in science and technology, the country has also been committed to sharing its technology with worldwide partners and cooperating to improve global science and technology governance. (March 9, 2023. “Explainer: What does China's innovation-driven development strategy mean for the world?” Xinhua) 五、政府工作报告将今年我国国内生产总值的增长目标设定在5%左右。中国仍是发展中国家，发展是第一要务，要在提高发展质量效益基础上长期保持合理经济增长。根据CGTN收回的2.57万份调查问卷，91.07%的受访者认为中国2023年的经济增长目标设定在5%是合理务实的，彰显了中国更加注重高质量发展。 As many as 91.07 percent of respondents in a global China Global Television Network (CGTN) survey believe China’s economic growth target of around five percent for 2023 is rational and pragmatic, which is in line with the rule of China's economic development and also shows that China pays more attention to high-quality development. The poll, published by CGTN in English, Spanish, French, Arabic and Russian platforms, received votes from 25,700 respondents. The five percent growth target, set at the ongoing Two Sessions, has attracted significant attention worldwide. According to the “Report on the Work of the Government,” over the past five years, China's GDP grew at an annual rate of 5.2 percent, significantly higher than the global growth rate of about 2.3 percent during the same period. And over the past decade, China's economy grew at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent. As a result, 87.14 percent of respondents speak highly of China's high-quality economic development and are full of confidence in China's economic prospects. (March 9, 2023. “CGTN Poll: 91.07% of respondents believe it rational for China to set 2023 GDP target at around 5%” CGTN) 图片来源：Xinhua News 六、专家指出，以设立国家金融监督管理总局为标志的金融监管改革反映了中国政策制定者未来几年的工作重点，包括统筹协调性金融监管，强化金融稳定。同时，新金融监管制度将促进金融业的供给侧结构性改革，提高金融业服务实体经济的能力。证监会的地位将进一步提升，反映出国家越来越重视资本市场，推动直接融资，从而更好地分配利用资本，减缓债务的积累；央行则能够专注于制定货币政策和宏观审慎监管的职责。 Tian Xuan, a deputy to the 14th National People's Congress and associate dean of Tsinghua University's PBC School of Finance, said the new system will help promote integrated financial regulation. This will help avoid a regulatory vacuum and arbitrage that arise from a segmented regulatory system. “It will also be of great help to promote supply-side structural reform in the financial sector and boost the capability of the financial sector to serve the real economy,” Tian said. The proposed institutional changes reflect the key focus areas of Chinese policymakers in the next few years, which include improving financial regulation coordination to enhance financial stability, analysts at Goldman Sachs said in a research note. Experts said the status of the CSRC would be further lifted thanks to the reform, reflecting the country's growing focus on developing the capital market to boost self-reliant technology advances. The changes will help ensure seamless protection of financial product consumers and also facilitate healthy development of the capital market, experts said. Spinning off such noncore responsibilities as financial holding company supervision, the PBOC can focus more on monetary policy and macro-prudential regulation, conducive to establishing a modern central banking system, said Dong Ximiao, chief researcher at Merchants Union Consumer Finance Co. (March 8, 2023. “Reform set to help nation guard against financial risks” China Daily)
