《参考观点》（第31期）｜党的二十大对国际社会的重要意义

2022-11-17
导语
10月22日,举世瞩目的中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会在北京胜利闭幕。此次大会具有重要里程碑意义，不仅对中国产生深远影响，也为世界各国携手应对挑战、实现共同发展注入动力。在中国共产党的领导下，中国将为世界和平稳定提供新动能，为全球经济发展提供新机遇，为构建更加公平公正的国际秩序作出新贡献，中国式现代化为人类实现现代化提是供了新的选择。


1. 维护世界的和平稳定

党的二十大报告有助于维护世界的和平稳定。报告呼吁中国促进大国协调和良性互动，推动构建和平共处、总体稳定、均衡发展的大国关系格局。在外交政策方面，报告指出中国奉行旨在实现世界和平和共同发展的外交政策，尊重“世界各国人民自主选择的发展道路和社会制度”，维护以联合国为中心的多边主义。

The report calls for China “to enhance coordination and positive interaction with other major countries to build major-country relations featuring peaceful coexistence, overall stability, and balanced development.”

(October 19, 2022. “China’s 20th Party Congress Report: Doubling Down in the Face of External Threats” CSIS)

On foreign policy, the draft report suggests that Beijing’s objective for the next five years is “increasing China’s international standing and influence and enabling China to play a greater role in global governance”. China continues to insist that it pursues a distinctive foreign policy aimed at achieving world peace and common development, under the oft-repeated rubric of “human community with a shared future”. It further claims that its approach is inclusive, cooperative, aimed at promoting “equality of all countries”, and respectful of the “development paths and social systems independently chosen by all the world’s peoples”. As in the past, China portrays its approach as upholding “true multilateralism” and promoting a fairer global governance structure centred around the UN.

(October 21, 2022. “The Foreign Policy Implications of China’s Twentieth Party Congress” International Crisis Group)

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（图片来源：新华社）

2. 促进全球经济发展

党的二十大报告有助于促进全球经济发展。在重申中国的开放政策时，报告写道，中国愿加大对全球发展合作的资源投入，致力于缩小南北差距，坚定支持和帮助广大发展中国家加快发展。中国不能孤立于世界而发展一样，世界的发展也需要中国。在过去十年中，中国已经成为全球增长的主要推动力。自新冠疫情以来，中国成功地协调了疫情防控和经济发展，仍将是全球供应链和产业链的“稳定器”，是世界经济复苏的引擎。

The report delivered by Xi Jinping to the 20th CCP National Congress assigned a special section on foreign policy, in which development was accentuated as one of the main approaches through which China would interact with the world.

In reaffirming China’s opening-up policy, the report wrote that the country was “prepared to invest more resources in global development cooperation”, “committed to narrowing the North-South gap and supporting and assisting other developing countries in accelerating development”.

The CCP is ever pragmatic. Bearing in mind that, though it is the second-largest economy in the world, China remains–and will remain for a long time – a developing economy, the CCP leadership proposes development as the way it establishes its relations with the world because it understands this sits at the core of aspirations of the global south. And the Chinese people share the same sentiment.

Domestic mandates set out in the report also point to China’s deeper commitment to the global development cause. The report enacted two major missions for the CCP both of which require China’s active participation in global development, the first being a Chinese path to modernization, the second being high-quality development, neither of which could be possible without further exchange with the developing world in trade, tech know-how, talent, etc.

(November 2, 2022. “What does the 20th CCP National Congress mean for Indonesia?” Asian News Network)

After his reelection for the third term as general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, Xi pledged to keep opening China's door wider to a world facing ever pressing challenges. For decades, China has kept its door open and become a major trading partner for over 140 countries and regions. It has taken a host of concrete steps to improve its business environment and level the playing field for domestic and foreign firms, like rolling out the Foreign Investment Law and expanding foreign investors' access. China's commitment to promoting high-standard opening up is positive for the rest of the world, as countries are trying to recover from the COVID-19 recession, said Oh Ei Sun, principal adviser of Malaysia's Pacific Research Center. Just as China cannot develop in isolation from the world, the world needs China for its development, Xi said. In the past decade, China has become a major driving force for global growth. From 2013 to 2021, its contribution to global economic growth averaged 38.6 percent. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, China, which has managed to coordinate pandemic control and economic development, remains a stabilizer for global supply and industrial chains, and an engine for world economic recovery.

(October 26, 2022. “World Insights: China's far-reaching blueprint boosts global confidence” Xinhua)

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（图片来源：CGTN）

3. 提升中国的国际领导力、为加强国际治理贡献中国智慧


党的二十大报告有助于提升中国的国际领导力。报告承诺持续推动“一带一路”倡议的高质量发展，充分发挥金砖国家、上海合作组织等合作机制的影响力，使发展中国家在全球事务中拥有更大的发言权。报告亦提到了中国新提出的全球发展倡议（GDI）和全球安全倡议（GSI）。这两个倡议将促进中国在国际社会中扮演更加重要的角色。


In his report to the 20th CPC Congress, Xi pledged to promote the “high quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative（BRI）.” The five-year extension also presents an opportunity to implement his new pitches, namely the Global Development Initiative (GDI) and the Global Security Initiative (GSI). It may also preside over the expansion of organizations wherein China plays a founding and prodigious role. Xi stressed that the country will work to see that “cooperation mechanisms such as BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) exert greater influence, and emerging markets and developing countries are better represented and have a greater say in global affairs.”


(November 10, 2022. “China Post 20th CPC Congress: Desire For Stability Amid Upheavals?” Eurasia Review)


The draft report refers to China’s Global Development Initiative (GDI) and Global Security Initiative (GSI), two new schemes announced by Beijing in September 2021 and April 2022, respectively.


The GDI offers Chinese support to help developing countries achieve the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and, so far, includes poverty alleviation, food security and clean energy-related projects.


As for the GSI, it can be understood as an attempt to present a Chinese security concept that is more inclusive than – and a purported improvement on – Washington’s alliance-based approach. According to Beijing, GSI will do this by emphasising “common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security” in which attention is paid to “the reasonable security concerns of all countries”. Since its announcement, the Chinese bureaucracy has been busy pushing the concept across a wide range of its diplomatic engagements, including at the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. It is possible that the initiative will result in increased Chinese outreach and assistance to other countries in the areas of counter-terrorism and law enforcement, as inspired by its own domestic national security practices.


(October 21, 2022. “The Foreign Policy Implications of China’s Twentieth Party Congress” International Crisis Group)


Stressing that the world is grappling with unprecedented challenges, Xi said Sunday that "we will work with peoples of all other countries to champion humanity's shared values of peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy and freedom to safeguard global peace and promote global development, and keep promoting the building of a human community with a shared future."


Xi's remarks reflect the aspirations of many countries for peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation with other countries while addressing common challenges, said Hussain Alshammari, director of the International Reporters Department at Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Media.China's vision of building a human community with a shared future is gaining support from more countries and will play a vital role in promoting world peace and development, he said.


From initiating the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the New Development Bank to taking the lead in implementing the UN sustainable development agenda, China has always been a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development, a defender of the international order and a provider of public goods.


(October 26, 2022. “World Insights: China's far-reaching blueprint boosts global confidence” Xinhua)


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（图片来源：China Daily）

4. 中国式现代化为人类实现现代化提供了新的选择


党的二十大报告指出中国式现代化为人类实现现代化提供了新的选择。中国作为一个人口众多的发展中国家，开辟了一条与西方不同的现代化道路，克服了西方发展模式的弊端，为希望在保持独立的同时加快增长的国家提供了新的发展道路选择。世界各地的专家认为，中国的现代化道路，正在激励其他国家寻求自己的发展道路，并激励世界追求一个更美好的未来。


China’s experience offers plenty of lessons, especially for developing countries. Its contribution to poverty reduction is unparalleled in modern history. The Chinese economic miracle brought about 800 million people out of poverty in just 40 years. And in the last eight years, the country uplifted close to 100 million people from abject poverty, particularly in the countryside. Thus, China was able to eliminate absolute poverty at home a decade ahead of the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. That milestone enabled the country to attain its first centenary goal, which is the building of a moderately prosperous society. This achievement emboldened Beijing to offer a new GDI vision to the world, which Xi can execute under his third term.


(November 10, 2022. “China Post 20th CPC Congress: Desire For Stability Amid Upheavals?” Eurasia Review)


Observers worldwide believe that the Chinese path to modernization, especially its guiding philosophies, is inspiring other nations to seek their own development paths and the world to pursue a shared brighter future.


On its path toward modernization, China has also been sharing its development opportunities with the rest of the world, upholding true multilateralism and striving for a more fair and equitable global governance system, which offers Chinese solutions to pressing challenges facing humanity. That is because Beijing fully understands that China will do well only when the world does well, and vice versa.

"More than just achieving modernization, China is actually overcoming the mistakes and consequences of the Western type of modernization. That means China is offering an example to the whole world," wrote Boris Tadic, former president of Serbia, in a recent opinion piece.


(October 15, 2022. “World Insights: China's modernization drive and its global inspiration” Xinhua)


"The strength of socialism with Chinese characteristics has been fully exhibited as the nation reached its goal of building a moderately prosperous society. This strength has been translated into the efficiency of national governance, which will transform into immense achievements in the nation's development achievements."


China, as a developing country with a huge population, has blazed a path of modernization that is different from those of the developed economies in the West and has offered a new choice for nations hoping to speed up their growth while maintaining their independence.


(October 27, 2022. “Huge-scale modernization seen as unprecedented” China Daily)


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（图片来源：新华社）


编辑：俞依奇
审核：国佳 张立荣


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